Wireless LAN (WLAN) based on IEEE 802.11 standards uses different types of Service Sets to define how devices communicate within a wireless network. These service sets specify the architecture and functionality of the network. Below are the key types:
1. Basic Service Set (BSS)
- The fundamental building block of an 802.11 network.
- Consists of a single access point (AP) and multiple client devices (stations).
- Identified by a Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID), which is typically the MAC address of the AP.
- Communication between clients must go through the AP.
2. Extended Service Set (ESS)
- A collection of multiple BSSs interconnected by a Distribution System (DS) (usually a wired network).
- Provides seamless roaming, allowing devices to move between APs without losing connectivity.
- Uses a common SSID (Service Set Identifier) to identify the network.
3. Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) – Ad Hoc Mode
- A peer-to-peer wireless network without an access point.
- Devices communicate directly with each other.
- Used for temporary or small networks, such as file sharing between laptops.
4. Mesh Basic Service Set (MBSS)
- A wireless mesh network where APs (mesh nodes) communicate with each other to extend coverage.
- No centralized controller; devices dynamically route data through the network.
- Used in large-scale deployments like smart cities or campus-wide Wi-Fi.
5. Distribution System (DS)
- Connects multiple BSSs to form an ESS.
- Can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Mesh networks).
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