A protocol in computer networking is a set of rules and standards that define how two or more devices communicate with each other over a network.
Think of it like a language:
- If two people don’t speak the same language, they can’t understand each other.
- Similarly, without protocols, computers can’t exchange data properly.
✅ Key Functions of Protocols
- Data Formatting → How data is structured for transmission.
- Addressing → Identifying source & destination (IP, MAC).
- Error Checking → Ensures data is not corrupted.
- Flow Control → Prevents fast sender from overwhelming slow receiver.
- Security → Encrypting or authenticating communication.
✅ Common Types of Protocols
🔹 Network Communication Protocols
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – Reliable, connection-oriented.
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol) – Fast, no guaranteed delivery (used in streaming, gaming).
- IP (Internet Protocol) – Provides addressing and routing.
🔹 Web & Application Protocols
- HTTP/HTTPS – Web browsing.
- FTP/SFTP – File transfer.
- SMTP, POP3, IMAP – Email.
🔹 Security Protocols
- SSL/TLS – Secure web communication.
- IPSec – Secure VPN communication.
- SSH – Secure remote login.
🔹 LAN Protocols
- Ethernet – Wired LAN communication.
- Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) – Wireless LAN communication.
- ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) – Maps IP ↔ MAC.
✅ Example
When you open a website:
- DNS finds the website’s IP address.
- TCP/IP handles connection and data delivery.
- HTTP/HTTPS transfers the webpage.
- Ethernet/Wi-Fi carries data physically.
👉 In short:
Protocols = rules of communication for networks, just like grammar rules in a language.
The Lazy Networker 
Leave a comment