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If your Outlook has been randomly freezing lately—especially while opening emails, switching folders, or simply trying to work through your inbox—you’re not alone. Microsoft has officially acknowledged the issue and has now released an emergency out-of-band (OOB) update to address the problem.This unexpected patch is aimed at restoring stability for users who were affected by
🧩 Topology 1️⃣ Basic Device & SSH Setup (Mandatory) 2️⃣ Create Local Fallback User (IMPORTANT) Used when RADIUS server is unreachable. 3️⃣ Enable AAA 4️⃣ Configure RADIUS Server 🔹 IOS / IOS-XE (Classic Method) (Older IOS alternative) 5️⃣ Create AAA Method Lists (Best Practice) Explanation: 6️⃣ Apply AAA to VTY Lines (SSH Only) ✔ SSH
Goal: Secure L2 attacks, management access, and user ports 🔐 1. Identity & Management Security 🔑 2. Secure VTY Access 🎯 3. Management VLAN & ACL 🚫 4. Disable Unused Services 🔌 5. Shut Down Unused Ports 🔐 6. Port Security (Access Ports) 🛡 7. Layer-2 Attack Protection 🧾 8. Logging & NTP 📊 9.
Goal: Secure management, control plane, routing, and services 🔐 1. Identity, Passwords & AAA 🔑 2. Secure Management Access (SSH only) 🎯 3. Restrict Management Access (VTY ACL) 🚫 4. Disable Insecure & Unused Services 🧠 5. Control Plane Protection (CoPP – Basic) 📡 6. Interface Hardening 🧾 7. Logging & Time Sync 📊 8.
(Routers, Switches, IOS / IOS-XE / NX-OS – CCNA / CCNP / Real-World) Device hardening reduces the attack surface and protects your Cisco infrastructure from unauthorized access, misconfiguration, and exploits. 1️⃣ Secure Device Access (Management Plane) 🔹 Use Strong Authentication (AAA) 🔹 Use Local User Accounts (Minimum) ❌ Avoid: ✔ Use: 🔹 Secure VTY Access
NAT (Network Address Translation) allows private IP addresses to communicate with public networks like the Internet. PAT (Port Address Translation) is a form of NAT that uses port numbers to map multiple private IPs to a single public IP. 🔁 Types of NAT in Cisco 1️⃣ Static NAT (One-to-One) Configuration Example 2️⃣ Dynamic NAT (Many-to-Many)
An ACL is an ordered list of rules (statements) that a router checks top to bottom to decide whether to permit or deny traffic. 👉 Implicit deny exists at the end of every ACL (anything not matched is denied). 🧩 Types of Cisco ACLs 1️⃣ Standard ACL Example Apply to interface 2️⃣ Extended ACL Example
🌐 What is OpenDaylight (ODL)? OpenDaylight (ODL) is a modular, open-source Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controller developed under the Linux Foundation.It acts as the central brain of a software-defined network. Think of ODL as a network operating system that controls switches/routers from one place using programmable APIs. 🧠 What ODL Does ODL sits centrally and communicates
When your PC communicates with Google’s server (e.g., http://www.google.com), there’s a sequence of events happening from your local network to Google’s global infrastructure. 🧩 Step-by-Step Communication Flow 1️⃣ You type “http://www.google.com” in your browser Your browser doesn’t know where Google is yet—it only has a domain name. 2️⃣ DNS Resolution (Finding the IP Address) 🔸
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in networking refer to the use of data-driven algorithms and automation to make networks smarter, self-learning, and self-optimizing. In simple terms —👉 AI/ML help networks think, learn, and act on their own instead of relying only on human intervention. For example: ⚙️ Why AI/ML Are Needed in Networking
The Lazy Networker 